Self-sealing shingle



Ian. 19, 1954 G. w. cLARvoE SELF-SEALING SHINGLE Filed Aug. lO. 1948 y Mma y M W .5

Patented Jan. 19, 1954 UNI'I'EDl STATES PATENT.v l OFFICE v n V ifflassenozf 'ijf v'salirsr'ALlNcf SHINGLE *n GeorgeClarvoe,-i.Somerville, N. J., assignor to f i JohnsManvillef-Corporation, New York, N. Y.,

afcorporationof New York a f- Appigscion'iiugustio, 1948, serial N6.43,459

somma. (ci. 10s-7) The instant invention :relates to flexible Vrcioiin'gor siding shingles and like'covering elements and more particularly toimprovedshingles"of'fthe type including Aa Istripe-orllane :of cementingcompound on the'undersideof-*the"shingle or shingle tabs-adjacent the butt edge, whereby the butts are adapted tobecomeself'sealed totheunderlying shingles or roof structure to prevent lifting underyadverseweather!conditions.l The invention is applicable to"V `either`individual shingles or strip shingles `but, inasmuch as the problem ofcurling orlifting' is more prevalent with the latter type,the inventionwillbe described particularly in `their connection.` Such shinglesconventionally constitute-'an integral head portion and apluralityof&exposure"tabs or buttV portions extending frdnithe head. portion andseparated by spacesorfslots; if' l`In the prior'application-'1'off'Clarvoeiand Pomeroy, Serial No. 721;'598ffldJanuaryl"1'1, 31947, which has Abeen labandoned in favriof va fcontinuation inpartapplication, :S.;N:'56;932led fOct0ber28, l1948, disclosing :thesubjetfmatter Y of the earlier application, there is disclosed aconstruction Vwhich hasj4 proved "effective inlthe solution of thisproblem and jwhich-, at `the same time, I has eliminated thefoflisadvanta'gesL of prior- `proposals attempting similar-resultsfAccording to 4-saidffprior` disclosure'jjareadily fracturable Aadhesiveis used'as-` the sealing medium which, Ywhen fractured, presentsbright-,'- cleanxsurface's having wetting and adhesive..'propertiesIv@The `adhesive-is applied inthe form of lanes or stripes Aon Vtheundersurfaces ofthe -shingles Aadiacent Vthe butt edges. Theshingles-are packed `backv to 'backVv inrpairs, the adhesive formingasingle, homogeneous lane 4 adhered to `vboth Ashingles of the pair.Whenthe lshingles are :to'be laid, they are removed from VAthe bundlesand bent'apart to fracture the lane intermediate {their-thickness toleave cementinglanes ongeach shingle:v jg It-has `been determined that,fdue 1to the eiectivenessof the sealing action, the: adhesive lane forms`a `barrier whichgprevents drainage or ventilation -of the backsfofthej;shingles; when rain is, driven underneath the shinglesthroughspacesuat the ,uncemented side edges.'v 'I'he instant` invention has forits principal obj ect Ythe provision of 1an? improvedL construction' ofthe Clarvoe and A Pomeroy'- type; whichjwill overcome this 'diiiicultyby providing'foradequate drainage-'withoutidetractingi from theeffectiveness of 171185413811. li' ki' F. v L

More lspecifically an; theproiiision of ga;.;constrp ction :which :hasthe ment adhesive material applied in spaced patches` to denedrainageopenings. At the Sametime the construction insures an adequate thickness'of the adhesive compound on each shingleandp'r'- vides, at; least onportions of thepatches, the bright, clean, 1 fractured surfaces desired`-for leffective and promptv sealing. Y f

` Briey stated, the objects of the invention are attained by a shinglehaving the cementingmaterial lying'inv spaced patches formingadiscontinuous lane, the spaces between thefpatches being of lesserextent than the patches'whereb'y, when the shingles are packaged inpairs,` at least vportions of the patches on 'opposed shingles-willnecessarilyV be in contact and will weld together to form a homogeneous,double thickness'layer which fractiires when the shingles are separated.Myf invention will VYbe more fully understood .and further objects andadvantages nthereof will 'become apparent when reference `is made..tothe more detailed ydescription of a preferred embodithe accompanyingdrawings in which: Y

,Fig. 1 is a perspective view of va shingle embodying the instantinvention, the shingle being inverted togshow its .under face; Y h Fig.2 is a view of a sectionv4 of aroo'f covered y withk shingles oftheinstant invention;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the arrangement of theshingles in a bundle or package; l

Fig. 4 is an edge view on a greatly enlarged scale illustrating theUbutt edges of a pair` of shingles before separation; and l f y"Figa 5is aperspectivevieu/partly in section, illustrating the Inanner'ofseparating thesh'ingles of a pair in preparation -for laying.

Referring now to the drawings, the invention is shown as embodied in anotherwise conventional'strip shingle 'mj-Suchshingle, as is wellknov'vn'fin theV` art, is usuallyprepared lfrom 4`a roong felt I2 as abase, the felt being saturated with a waterproofing compound such asarelaf tively 1ow melt point asphalt.v IOnthe'., surface to be-placed'upp'ermost a suitableweather prc`v ;of the invention whichisto-follow and tov tending from the butt edge 2l to a headlap area 22whereby, when the shingles are laid as illustrated in Fig. 2 theysimulate the appearance of a plurality of individual shingles. Due tothe exible characteristics of a shingle of this type, if the tabs areunsecured, it frequently happens that they are lifted or curled back andsometimes completely torn oi under the action of high winds. To avoidthis difficulty it has been proposed, as previously mentioned, toprovide lanes of adhesive material on the under surface of the butts ofthe shingles, the adhesive being of a character which will self-adhereto the undern lying roof structure. The constructionrshown and claimedin the said Clarvoe and Pomeroy co-pending application is of this typeand includes a stripe of fracturableadhesive of a character to Wet andadhere to a juxtaposed surface when the shingle is subjected to solarradiation at normal temperatures. The shingles are packaged in pairswith the stripes ,in contact whereby they become welded together. Thefracturable nature of the adhesive is utilized to permit the shingles tobe readily separated and to provide, when fractured, the bright, cleansur faces needed to secure adherencel to the surface of a structure suchas the granular surface of overlapped shingles. Adhesives employed forthis purpose are petroleum resins,pressure still pitches, coal tarpitches and related bitumens of similar characteristics, with or withoutadditional modiers, such as various types of petroleum, coal tar, orsynthetic resins, the compounds having physical properties lying withinor substantially within the limits given below:

Min. Max.

Melting Point, Ring and Ball .F 175 200 Penetration at 77 F., 100 grams,5 seconds l 8 Penetration at 115 F., 50 grams, y5 seconds 5 20 Flow at160 F., 6 hours 45 angle, M" cube, Barrett Test .inches.. etv SayboltFurol Viscosity at 350 F., seconds 100 2,50 Asphalt Viscosity Index f 3.5 `6. 5 Impact Test-M x 3 Diameter Disc Single B v at 115 F.,inch-pounds 5.0

Typical examples of specific compounds meeting the above requirementsare as follows:

spaced areas, as shown in the prior co-pending application, is appliedin patches 20, the patches forming discontinuous lanes on the undersur-4 faces of the shingles adjacent and preferably parallel to the buttedges. The patches are so arranged that the spaces between the patchesare of lesser extent than the patches, as clearly illustrated in Figs.l, 3 and 4. Y

Theshingles are paired, as before, with their backs adjacent. Due to thegreater extent of the patches as compared to the spaces between them,the patches of opposed shingles of a pair necessarily overlap, asclearly illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the Voverlapping portions weldingtogether to'forr'ri an integral, homogeneous layer, 4cernenting theshingles together.

llt will 'be Y Vappreciatedthat, inasmuch as the adhesive is preferablyapplied during the manufacture of the shingles and suitably before theyare separated from the roofing sheets, it is not possible to insure thatwidely separated spots of adhesive on dierent shingles will coincidewhen 4the shingles are paired. Where, however, the construction of theinstant invention is used with the adhesive patches longer than thespaces between them, at least partial coincidence is insured. Thepairsof'shingles are bundled, preferably as illustrated in Fig; 3. When theyare to be laid, they are separated by grasping them adjacent theirunsecured edges and pulling them apart (see Fig. 5), the single,homogeneous layer formed by the overlapping portions cf the patchesfracturing intermediate Vits whereby each shingle is provided with anadequate thickness of the cernenting material and the adhesive, at leastin part, has the bright, clean surfaces which insure rapid adherence tothe underlying structure; The unfractured areas of the patches, whilelslower in operation, will eventually seal, the fractured surfaces in themeantime adequately vpreventing curling of the tabs. As illustrated' in2, the spaces between thefpatches permit vdrainage and ventilation ofany spaces beneath the shingles.

Having thus described ni'y invention in rather full detail, it Will bil'ldstCidA that these details need not te Ystrictly adhered to but thatvarious changes' andmdications may suggest 4themselves to o skilled inthe art, all falling Within the slcp ,O'f the investita as deemed byth?. Subioned claims what I claim is,

1. A pair) o prepared asijh'alftic exterior covering sheets each havingfront and back sur@ faces and arranged with 'orient' said surfaces` of nsl'it facg l f Said Surfaces of the othersheet, said facing surfaces`etait having spaced patches Vof en'ientingf' material so arraligcllthat th Dtlls f tlfi respective vStir-- faces" are partially in registerwith each other, the registering c'emeii material efV the patchesforming integral cementig Alayers connecting the sheets togthei, said,e'l'et'ing'l' material comprising a biturr-iious compound fracturableat normal ambient temperatures and natiiig h'igh wetting characteristicsand high adhesiiie characteristics under` sla radiation at normaltemperatures, said compound having a ring' and ball soften-ing poi-ntyof the" or'der of 175 F; to 296 F. and a penetration at 115 F., 50grams, 5 seconds, in the'range 5 2'0.

1 2,-Apair e'fprepared 'asphaltic' exterior cover;x ing sheets eachhaving front and back surfaces andarranged withcnef of said` surfaces ofone depth sheet, said facing surfaces each having spaced patches ofcementing material forming opposite discontinuous lanes with the patchesof the ref spective sheets in partial register with each other, theregistering cementing material of the patches forming integralrcementing layers connecting the sheets together at the registeringportions, said cementing material comprising a bituminous compoundfracturable at normal ambient temperatures and having high wettingcharacteristics and high adhesive characteristics adjacent their buttedges, the patches of the respective lanes being in partial register andoverlapping and forming integral cementing layers connecting theshingles together at the overlapping portions, said cementing materialcomprising a bituminous compound racturable at normal ambienttemperatures and having high wetting characteristics and high adhesivecharacteristics under solar radiation at normal tem peratures, saidcompound having a ring and ball softening point of the order of 175 F.to 200 F. and a penetration at 115 F., 50 grams, 5 seconds, in the range5-20.

5. rihe invention as defined in claim 4, in which said lanes areapproximately parallel to the butt edges and the spaces between thepatches are of lesser extent than the patches.

6. A pair of shingles placed back to back with their butt edgesadjacent, the backs of the shingles adjacent said butt edges havingspaced kpatches of cementing material forming opposite discontinuouslanes approximately parallel with the butt edges, the spaces between thepatches being of lesser extent than the patches and the opposed patchesoverlapping and forming integral cementing layers connecting theshingles together at the overlapping portions, saidy cementing materialcomprising' a bituminous compound fracturable at normal ambienttemperatures and having high wetting characteristics and high adhesivecharacteristics under solar radiation at normal temperatures, such as toenable the compound to adhere firmly to substances, such as acement-free surface portion of a like covering element, having adiierent composition than said compound, as well as to the compounditself, said compound having a ring and ball softening point of theorder of 175 F. to 200 F., a penetration at 115 F. in the range 5-20, aviscosity, Saybolt Furol at 350 F.v of 10D-250 seconds, and an impactresistance (impact test 1A X 3 diameter disc single blow at F.) of amaximum of 5.0 inch-pounds, whereby said elements are held securelytogether as a pair but are readily separableby fracture of the integrallayer at the overlapping portions of the patches to present bright,clean adhesive surfaces on each element over the area of fracture.

GEORGE W. CLARVOE.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATFS PATENTS NumberName Date 1,848,076 Fischer Mar. 1, 1932 2,210,209 Kirschbraun Aug. 6,1940 2,300,488 Cuno Nov. 3, 1942 2,390,697 Eason Dec. 11, 1945 2,418,135Moore Apr. 1, 1947 2,421,892 Kirschbraun June l0, 1947

